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From the 1940s to the 1990s, the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in a long period of tension called the Cold

War.

It was called the Cold War because it never included direct military confrontation between the two superpowers, and neither country declared war on the other. Instead, the countries competed through economic, military, and technological development, as well as through smaller armed conflicts between each power's allies. The Cold War included two distinct

blocs,

or groups of countries that share a purpose:

The Western Bloc consisted of the U.S. and its allies. Western Bloc countries often, but not always, had democratic forms of government, usually with free and fair elections and many personal freedoms. Economically, the Western Bloc promoted
capitalism,
where businesses are privately owned, and free
markets,
where supply and demand set prices.
The Eastern Bloc included the Soviet Union and its allies. Eastern Bloc countries were
communist.
They rarely had free or fair elections and were often one-party states or dictatorships where the lives of citizens were tightly controlled by their governments. Additionally, communist economies were centrally planned by the government.

The Cold War rivalry shaped global politics for over 40 years. Use the information above to determine whether each country belonged to the Western Bloc or the Eastern

Bloc.

	Western Bloc	Eastern Bloc
Japan: After World War II, Japan's government encouraged private business growth and free trade.
The United Kingdom: Between the 1940s and 1980s, political power regularly changed hands as voters chose different parties to lead them in elections.
Cuba: In 1968, the government both took control of nearly all private businesses and decided that the nation's economy should be built around producing sugar.
Bulgaria: In 1957, the government held a national election, but there was only one party that voters could choose.

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